Table 1. Literature review of reperfusion injury (white cord syndrome) in cervical surgery

Author	A/G	Diagnosis	Procedure	IONM			Treatment after 1^st operation	Post-OP symptoms	Post-OP MRI	Follow up
Author	A/G	Diagnosis	Procedure	Time of change	MEPs	SSEPs	Treatment after 1^st operation	Post-OP symptoms	Post-OP MRI	Follow up
Chin et al. 2013 [30]	59/M	CSM	C4-5 & C5-6 ACDF	After cage placement at C5-6	Loss	Loss	C5 corpectomy High-dose steroid	C6 tetraplegia	T2-HI with swelling at C5	16 months partial recovery
Zhang et al. 2013 [43]	58/F	CSM	C5 ACCF	N/A			C3-6 laminoplasty High-dose steroid	Tetraplegia	T2-HI with swelling at C5	1 week full recovery
Lee et al. 2014 [9]	49/M	OPLL	C3-4 PCDF	N/A			High-dose steroid	Tetraplegia	T2-HI with swelling at C3-4	12 months partial recovery
Lee et al. 2014 [9]	71/M	OPLL	C3-5 PCDF	N/A			PDC at C2 High-dose steroid	Tetraplegia	T2-H1 with swelling at C2-C6	3 months partial recovery
Giammalva et al. 2017 [33]	64/M	CSM	C5-6 & C3-4 ACDF	After closing superficial planes	↓	↓	High-dose steroid	Tetraplegia	T2-H1 at C5-6	7 days partial recovery
Our case 2017	63/M	CSM	C3-5 PCDF	After lift of lamina	↓	↓	C6 upper laminectomy MAP > 95 mmHg High-dose steroid	Lt. hemiplegia	T2-HI at Lt. C3-4 with swelling	5 months full recovery
Vinodh et al. 2018 [44]	51/F	C3 body tumor	C2-5 PDC Cl-2 & C5-6 PCDF	N/A			High-dose steroid	C3 tetraplegia	T2-HI with swelling into the medulla	6 weeks no improvement
Papaioannou et al. 2019 [35]	79/M	CSM	C3-6 PDC C2-7 PCDF	N/A	NC	NC	High-dose steroid	Tetraplegia	T2-HI at C6-7	18 months no improvement
Antwi et al. 2018 [31]	68/M	CSM	C4-7 PDC, C3-7 PCDF	After closing suprafascia	Loss of Lt.	NC	MAP > 113-115 mmHg Replacement of screw High-dose steroid	Lt. hemiplegia	T2-HI at Lt. C5-6	3 days partial recovery
Wiginton et al. 2019 [6]	41/M	CSM	C1-2 PDC	After removal of posterior C1 arch	Loss of UE	Loss	MAP > 95 mmHg C2 upper laminectomy High-dose steroid	Tetraplegia	T2-HI at C1	N/A
Mathkour et al. 2020 [34]	79/M	CSM	C3-5 PDC C2-6 PCDF	After closing fascia	NC	↓	MAP > 85 mmHg High-dose steroid	Worsened Rt. hemiparesis	T2-HI at C2-6	4 moths full recovery
Busack et al. 2020 [36]	63/M	CSM	C3-6 PDC, C2-T1 PCDF	After laminectomy	Loss	↓	MAP > 85 mmHg High-dose steroid	Tetraplegia	N/A	1 month partial recovery
Jun et al. 2020 [45]	49/F	CSR	C6-7 ACDF	N/A			Laminoplasty C4-5-6-7 High-dose steroid	Paraplegia	T2-HI at C6-7	2 weeks full recovery
Liao et al. 2020 [37]	51/M	CSM with OPLL	C3-4 PDC C2-5 PCDF	N/A			High-dose steroid Manitol	Tetraplegia	T2-HI at C4-7	2 months full recovery

A/G: age/gender; IONM: intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring; MEPs: motor evoked potentials; SSEPs: somatosensory evoked potentials; CSM: cervical spondylotic myelopathy; OPLL: ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament; CSR; cervical spondylotic radiculopathy; ACDF: anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; ACCF: anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion; PDC: posterior decompression; PCDF: posterior cervical decompression and fusion; N/A: not available; NC: no changes; MAP: mean arterial pressure; T2-HI: T2-hyperintensity.